自由生长的“树屋”：珑府生活体验中心 / 罗宇杰工作室

编辑：赖含章（实习生）；校对：田丽（实习生） | 2018.07.20 19:45

罗宇杰工作室

设计单位 罗宇杰工作室

项目地址 中国河南省濮阳县长庆路与富民路交叉路口西南

建筑面积 1588平方米

竣工时间 2018年4月10日

功能与空间的剥离
Separation of Function and Space

地产营销中心在完成销售后，多数时候会被拆除，使用时间长则几年，短则数月，是一种非常“短命”的建筑类型；即使少数时候得以保留，也被完全更改使用性质。它的内部空间一般装修繁复，为功能改造带来极大的难度和资源浪费。珑府生活体验中心着重于创造一种既满足暂时的营销功能，又具有其他广泛可能的空间。与其说设计营销中心，不如说是创造一个没有功能约束的空间来得更恰当。
Real estate marketing center is a kind of temporary architecture that can only last several months or few years at most, which is usually dismantled after houses are sold out. Even if it can be preserved in few cases, functions are completely transformed. Interior decoration of real estate marketing centers is generally complicated, causing obstacles and waste of resources in the process of functional repurposement. The building not only meets the temporary need of marketing but also has potential for a wide range of other possible usages. It's more appropriate to say that we designed a space without functional constraints rather than just a marketing center.

通过将像楼梯、卫生间等空间限定性强的必要服务空间，按照人体工程学做成基本模块，并同时弱化其余空间的属性，功能与空间得以剥离，使其能被更加自由地使用。
We turned all necessary service spaces featuring great spatial restrictions such as staircase and bathroom into basic modules in accordance with Ergonomics, and meanwhile tried our best to weaken the functional attribute of other remaining spaces. In this way, we separated function and space, so as to eliminate functional constraints of spaces.

可“生长”的木材使空间面积最大化

Utilization of General Timbers to Maximize the Space and Make it Extensible

客户是一位对地产开发有着极高品质把控的农场主，他不盲目追求快速商业利益，而是通过营造更好的生活方式去吸引置业者。他希望通过营销中心传达一种绿色的生活方式。无疑，木料成为了最佳的建筑主材。作为一种绿色建材，它体现了建筑与自然的连接，且贴合客户所需。
The client is an estanciero who pursues high quality of real estate development instead of instant commercial profits, and wish to attract house buyers through creating a better lifestyle. A green lifestyle is exactly what he wants to convey to target consumers through the marketing center. Timbers, the green and natural materials that suite the client's corporation identity, are undoubtedly the most perfect materials for constructing the building.

市面上可以采购到的高性价比材料有长3米、4米、或6米，横截面200毫米左右的的常规木材方料。如何运用这些基准木料搭建一个大空间，并获得更多元的空间适用可能呢？若以单根木柱作为独立支撑单元，则无法建成一个无柱的大空间；因此以多根木柱组合形成“集束柱”是比较合适的选择。在自然应力里，圆形受力最均衡，所以根据单柱尺度、适宜高度、施工等因素，水平单元形态采用了近圆形的正12边形、直径1米、木截面120×180毫米的集束组合柱。垂直方向采用“树”的生长形态，分成5段约2米长的部分，向上、向外挑出生长，最终形成高度4.5米、边长8米的方体边界空间。由此，下部达到了使用的相对最大空间，结构也达到了相对最大强度。
Cost-effective general timber materials that we could purchase were square logs in the length of 3m, 4m or 6m, with a 200mm side length of the cross-section. To build a large solid space and maximize its possible functions, several square timber pillars were combined together to form a "clustered column" instead of using a single wooden pillar as the supporting unit. As forces acting on circle plane are even in different directions, horizontal units of the clustered column were designed in the shape of regular dodecagona, which are nearly round, with a diameter of 1m. As for vertical units design, we applied the shape of trees. The clustered column was divided into five segments, each with the length of about 2m. These segments extend outward and upward to the ceiling, forming a cubic edge space with a height of 4.5m and a side length of 8m. With such clustered columns, we not only maximized the lower space but also the structural strength.

单元结构“集束柱”底部是正多边形。为了避免拼接时产生的空隙，它们由一开始中心的“近圆形”生长成“正方形”。它们彼此可以任意在纵横方向上生长、拼接，像乐高积木一样，既可以独立存在，也可以与多个单元形成组合，以获得所需要的空间尺度。单元与单元之间的水平对接又形成“连续拱券”，越生长结构越稳定。
The bottom part of each "clustered column" is in the shape of regular polygon. These "clustered columns" extend upward from the bottom and form a "square" outside edge. Each unit along the edge was horizontally and longitudinally interlined. Just like Lego bricks, each unit is independent or combined with others to create the desired space. The space is extensible. With "continuous arch" between each unit, the overall structure is very stable. And the more it stretches, the more stable the structure is.

基本建造手段下的极速装配和可逆性

Rapid Assembling Via Basic Construction Methods and Reversibility

由于各种客观因素，设计、施工、装修、配饰必须在两个月内完成，同时还要控制低造价，方便快速搭建拆装、反复使用。这些限制对设计者来说既是挑战，也是重要的限制条件。设计者提出了以下三个主要解决策略。
We were asked to complete design, construction, finishing and decoration of the architecture in less than two months and at the same time control the cost, meanwhile, the architecture was required to be reusable that could be quickly constructed and dismounted. For us, it was a great challenge. We offered the following solutions.

1 采取最基本的建造方式。通过使用最普遍的材料加工工艺，普通技术工人可以在最常见的工厂参与建造。通过控制人工和工艺的价格及效率，工程可以达到快速建造。

Firstly, trying best to control labor cost and improve efficiency. we adopted simple and basic construction methods as well as common material processing techniques, through which ordinary technical workers were capable of carrying out the construction work and materials could be processed in common factories, which ensured the building to be constructed in a short time.

2 最大程度的标准化、模块化。通过把整体拆分为基本单元，再拆分为标准部件，建筑被简化为仅由三个基本部件构成，使其成为了最小和最少的模块单元，并建立标准简洁的组装逻辑，得以在施工和安装阶段加快速度。

Secondly, ensuring the standardization and modularization of units. We divided the whole building into several primary units. And these primary units were further splitted into various standard components which were assembled based on a unified approach. The minimum unit could be formed only by three basic components, which was conductive to controlling the size and number of modular units. Besides, we established a set of standard and simple approaches for assembling, so as to accelerate the construction and installation process.

3 拆分所有可能细分的工种，尽可能分在不同的工厂加工，并合理配置生产车间。必要时，进行距离和空间、设备上的再调配。所有的材料和部件不用到工地现场等待前序工作完成再进行下一步施工。

Thirdly, subdividing all types of work involved in the project as much as possible, processing materials in different factories, and arranging manufacturing workshops reasonably. In this way, all materials and components could be processed before or while the pre-order work on site was carried out.

整座建筑除了一层地面采用水泥砂浆铺贴地砖外，其他所有的部件都采用螺栓连接；组成构件均可以被拆卸、再利用，不必担心需要拆除时无法移走使用的困境。这是一个可移动以及可重复使用的“长寿”建筑，并且可逆建造。
Considering various practical factors, we laid tiles on the ground floor by using cement mortar. However, all other parts in the space were connected by bolts. All components can be completely dismounted, installed, moved and reused for other constructions, making the building thoroughly reversible.

构建一个“智慧”的生命腔体
Construction of a "Smart" Cavity

如果把建筑拟生化，所需要的设备、机电、管线就是生命体所相对应的呼吸系统、经络、血脉。所有系统不是孤立存在的，而是和骨架、肌肉腱体高度契合嵌在一起，达成一种共生的状态，得到一个更有效、更集中的腔体空间。
If the building is a person, all the equipment, electromechanics, pipelines of it are the respiratory systems, collaterals and blood vessels of the body. All these systems in the body are by no means isolated, but are highly integrated with the skeletons and muscles in a symbiotic state, resulting in a more effective and intensive space.

附属物的营造方式遵循了生命体的构建智慧。家具采用了从结构体自然生长而成的方式：桌子与“集束柱”各单体木柱组接，家具长在结构柱上，围护栏杆长在结构体系上......最核心的结构树自然生长出了家具、护栏，甚至向外织出外表皮。同时，这些“零部件”因为是主结构体伴生的关系，也会反作用于结构体，协同受力使结构更稳定。
Other parts of the building were also designed in a way similar to the structure of body. Taking furniture as example, all the furniture "grows" on the structural column, with each table surrounding a single "clustered column". All the furniture and guardrails stretch out of the core structure, and even weave a surface by extending outward. These necessary parts are concomitants of the main structure, providing support against it and making it more stable.

设备、机电、管线、家具、外表皮等得以融合到结构体系之中。这些附属内容占据最小的空间，使功能与空间剥离的目标更好的实现，得到一个“智慧”的类生命腔体空间。
Equipment, electromechanics, pipelines, furniture and exterior were integrated into units of the structure to achieve the smallest occupancy, which facilitated separation of function and space and created a "smart" space resembling cavity of the human body.

普适空间 & 普用空间
Universal Space & Universally-used Space

密斯·凡·德·罗将芝加哥伊利诺伊理工学院克朗楼称为“普适空间”，因为设计允许建筑改变功能，密斯称“它是创造的最清晰的建筑，完美地体现了普适的理念”。
Mies van der Rohe called the Crown Hall at the Illinois Institute of Technology in Chicago a "universal space". The design permits the building to change its functions, so Mies declared it "the clearest structure we have done, the best to express our philosophy."

珑府生活体验中心以国内现有的常规标准木材和普遍加工工艺、建造技术，没有迁就或设计某个特定功能，而是创造无限的使用可能。包含但不限于密斯的“普适空间”的是，在空间不变而达到功能“普适”的基础上，根据不同的时间变化，适用状态可以增加、删减、更替或移动建筑的局部或整体。建筑本身也可以完全被拆分消解，通过“可逆建造”重回到材料的初始状态，为其他建筑施工行为所用，达到一种空间和材料都能普遍运用的最大可能。
As designing and constructing the Longfu Life Experience Center, we chose to use standard timbers in China and utilized common processing and construction techniques, with a view to create a "universal space" that boasts infinite possible usages rather than be limited to a certain specific function. The building is a "universal" space, but more importantly it is a "universally-used space". The whole building or any part of it can be enlarged, cut, replaced or moved based on different needs. What’s more, it can also be completely dismounted and repurposed, and its materials can be reused for other constructions, hence achieving the objective that both the space and materials can be most universally used.

完整项目信息

项目名称：珑府生活体验中心——基于常规木材和技术的普用空间营造
设计团队：LUO studio│罗宇杰工作室
主创建筑师：罗宇杰
参与设计人：王小涛、魏文景
建筑、结构、室内、景观专业设计：罗宇杰、王小涛
电气专业设计：胡永茂
客户（特别鸣谢）：豫龙智慧农庄主来利军
施工监督负责人：贾明忠、刘采云
施工方：刘玉峰（建筑）、何庆中（室内）、余云汉（景观）及其团队成员
金属加工车间：河南中原安泰新能源装备有限公司（原中原总机石油设备有限公司）
项目地址：中国河南省濮阳县长庆路与富民路交叉路口西南
建筑面积：1588平方米
建筑摄影师：金伟琦
设计时间：2018年1月25日
竣工时间：2018年4月10日（材料加工、现场施工49工作日）
Project name: Longfu Life Experience Center - a universally-used space created by general timbers and techniques
Design team: LUO studio
Chief designer: Luo Yujie
Participating designers: Wang Xiaotao, Wei Wenjing
Architecture, structure, interior and landscape designers: Luo Yujie, Wang Xiaotao
Electric designer: Hu Yongmao
Client (crediting): Lai Lijun, the owner of Yulong Wisdom Farm
Construction supervisors: Jia Mingzhong, Liu Caiyun
Construction team: Liu Yufeng (architecture), He Qingzhong (interior), Yu Yunhan (landscape), etc.
Metal processing company: Henan Zhongyuan Antai New Energy Equipment Co., Ltd. (former ZYZJ Petroleum Equipment Co., Ltd.)
Project Location: Southwest of the intersection of Changqing Road and Fumin Road, Puyang County, Henan Province, China
Architecture area: 1588 m²
Photographer: Jin Weiqi
Design date: January 15, 2018
Completion date: April 10, 2018 (49 workdays in total for material processing and on-site construction)